2025 EdChoice Funded Eligibility Rankings

By the end of 2024, nearly 40% of American K–12 students were eligible for a private school choice program. Moreover, around one-fourth of all states now offer educational choice programs with universal eligibility, and that number is expected to grow in 2025. Undoubtedly, universal eligibility is a key design element for any choice program, but without fully funded eligibility, it is not enough.

Fully funded eligibility means that every student in a state with a choice program can also receive the resources needed to participate. At EdChoice, we believe universally funded eligibility is necessary for any school choice program to work so that every family, no matter their background, can access an education that works best for them.

Indeed, every school choice program without the resources to support every student, risks becoming accessible to families in name only. For example, Utah’s Fits All Scholarship program theoretically provides any Utahn student with around an $8,000 scholarship should they choose to participate. Yet, because of an arbitrary funding cap of $80 million, only 10,000 students could participate in the program this past year. The rest of the students who applied were left hoping that their families could surmount the financial barriers of paying out of pocket for the private educational expenses that served their needs.

Unfortunately, funded eligibility issues are all too common in school choice programs across the country. In fact, of the existing educational choice programs, only five provide funding for every student in the state. Furthermore, of the programs that don’t have 100% funded eligibility, only six have funding for more than 50% of students. In other words, in most states, families who want to access better education options could find themselves locked out of education choice programs because funding is unavailable due to poor program design.

Our rankings below provide a better understanding of the current state of funded eligibility. To calculate funded eligibility rates, we divided the number of students each program can fund by the total number of students in the state. Programs are then organized from highest to lowest funded eligibility rates, with the number of students funded by the program serving as a tiebreaker.

The 2025 ABCs of School Choice provides more information about each program listed below. It also contains helpful data, including budget caps, participation data, and more, as well as information about the programs’ histories.

RANKINGS

1. Florida’s Family Empowerment Scholarship Program for Educational Options
Education Savings Account | 100% of students funded eligible (3,372,854 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

2. Ohio’s Educational Choice Scholarship Program
Voucher | 100% of students funded eligible (1,835,912 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

3. Ohio’s Tax Credit Scholarship Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 100% of students funded eligible (1,835,912 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

4. Arizona’s Empowerment Scholarship Accounts
Education Savings Account | 100% of students funded eligible (1,265,358 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

5. Arizona’s Original Individual Income Tax Credit Scholarship Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 100% of students funded eligible (1,265,358 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

6. Indiana’s Choice Scholarship Program
Voucher | 98% of students funded eligible (1,149,405 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

7. Ohio’s Income-Based Scholarship Program
Voucher | 96.8% of students funded eligible (1,776,503 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

8.  West Virginia’s Hope Scholarship Program
Education Savings Account | 93% of students funded eligible (245,626 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

9. Iowa’s Education Savings Account Program
Education Savings Account | 90.8% of students funded eligible (514,642 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

10.  Arizona’s “Switcher” Individual Income Tax Credit Scholarship Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 87.9% of students funded eligible (1,112,721 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

11. Louisiana’s Tuition Donation Credit Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 52.8% of students funded eligible (407,927 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

12. New Hampshire’s Education Freedom Account Program
Education Savings Account| 45.1% of students funded eligible (83,766 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

13. Minnesota’s K–12 Education Credit
Refundable Tax Credit | 30% of students funded eligible (285,103 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

14. Oklahoma’s Lindsey Nicole Henry Scholarships for Students with Disabilities
Voucher | 15.5% of students funded eligible (115,890 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

15. Montana’s Special Needs Equal Opportunity Education Savings Account Program
Education Savings Account | 12.3% of students funded eligible (20,292 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

16. Georgia’s Special Needs Scholarship Program
Voucher | 11.5% of students funded eligible (220,202 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

17. Alabama’s Accountability Act of 2013 Parent-Taxpayer Refundable Tax Credits
Refundable Tax Credit | 11.5% of students funded eligible (96,927 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

18. Pennsylvania Educational Improvement Tax Credit Program
Voucher | 10.9% of students funded eligible (209,059 total students funded eligible) (14.8% of all program eligible students)

19. Wisconsin’s Parental Choice Program (Statewide)
Voucher | 9% of students funded eligible (75,369 total students funded eligible) (30.8% of all program eligible students)

20. Wisconsin’s Milwaukee Parental Choice Program
Voucher | 8.0% of students funded eligible (76,223 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

21. North Carolina’s Opportunity Scholarships
Voucher | 5.4% of students funded eligible (94,983 total students funded eligible) (5.4% of all program eligible students)

22. Oklahoma’s Parental Choice Tax Credit Act
Refundable Tax Credit | 4.7% of students funded eligible (35,267 total students funded eligible) (4.7% of all program eligible students)

23.  Vermont’s Town Tuitioning Program
Voucher | 4.2% of students funded eligible (3,755 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

24. Mississippi’s Dyslexia Therapy Scholarship for Students with Dyslexia Program
Voucher | 3.9% of students funded eligible (19,033 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

25. Wyoming Education Savings Account Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 3.4% of students funded eligible (3,333 total students funded eligible) (15.4% of all program eligible students)

26. Arizona’s Low-Income Corporate Income Tax Credit Scholarship Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 3.3% of students funded eligible (41,340 total students funded eligible) (5.2% of all program eligible students)

27. Florida’s Tax Credit Scholarship Program
Tax-Credit ESA | 3.2% of students funded eligible (107,851 total students funded eligible) (3.2% of all program eligible students)

28. Ohio’s Cleveland Scholarship Program
Voucher | 3.2% of students funded eligible (54,409 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

29. Puerto Rico’s Free School Selection Program
Voucher | 3.0% of students funded eligible (11,001 total students funded eligible) (4.8% of all program eligible students)

30. Mississippi’s Nate Rogers Scholarship for Students with Disabilities Program
Voucher | 2.9% of students funded eligible (13,796 total students funded eligible) (100.00% of all program eligible students)

31. Pennsylvania’s Opportunity Scholarship Tax Credit Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 2.5% of students funded eligible (48,569 total students funded eligible) (30.8% of all program eligible students)

32. Tennessee’s Individualized Education Accounts
Education Savings Account | 2.4% of students funded eligible (26,101 total students funded eligible) (100.00% of all program eligible students)

33. Maine’s Town Tuitioning Program
Voucher | 2.4% of students funded eligible (4,701 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

34. Arkansas’ Children’s Education Freedom Account Program
Education Savings Account | 2.3% of students funded eligible (12,000 total students funded eligible) (2.3% of all program eligible students)

35. Ohio’s Autism Scholarship Program
Voucher | 1.9% of students funded eligible (35,285 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

36.  Wisconsin’s Parental Private School Choice Program (Racine)
Voucher | 1.7% of students funded eligible (16,225 total students funded eligible) (100% of all program eligible students)

37. Alabama’s Creating Hope and Opportunity for Our Students’ Education (CHOOSE) Act of 2024
Education Savings Account | 1.7% of students funded eligible (14,285 total students funded eligible) (2.8% of all program eligible students)

38. Iowa’s School Tuition Organization Tax Credit
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 1.7% of students funded eligible (9,669 total students funded eligible) (2.5% of all program eligible students)

39. Utah Fits All Scholarship Program
Education Savings Account | 1.5% of students funded eligible (10,312 total students funded eligible) (1.5% of all program eligible students)

40. Georgia’s Qualified Education Expense Tax Credit
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 1.4% of students funded eligible (25,951 total students funded eligible) (1.5% of all program eligible students)

41. Montana’s Tax Credits for Contributions to Student Scholarship Organizations
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 1.4% of students funded eligible (2,283 total students funded eligible) (1.4% of all program eligible students)

42. Missouri’s Empowerment Scholarship Accounts Program
Tax-Credit ESA | 1.2% of students funded eligible (11,764 total students funded eligible) (1.5% of all program eligible students)

43. Oklahoma’s Equal Opportunity Education Scholarships
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 1.2% of students funded eligible (9,276 total students funded eligible) (1.4% of all program eligible students)

44. Washington, D.C.’s Opportunity Scholarship Program
Voucher | 1.2% of students funded eligible (1,349 total students funded eligible) (4.6% of all program eligible students)

45. Georgia Promise Scholarship Act
Education Savings Account | 1.1% of students funded eligible (9,276 total students funded eligible)

46. South Dakota’s Partners in Education Tax Credit Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 1.1% of students funded eligible (1,774 total students funded eligible) (2.3% of all program eligible students)

47. New Hampshire’s Town Tuitioning Program
Voucher | 1% of students funded eligible (1,857 total students funded eligible) (100.00% of all program eligible students)

48. Louisiana’s Student Scholarships for Educational Excellence Program
Voucher| 0.9% of students funded eligible (6,723 total students funded eligible) (2.3% of all program eligible students)

49.  New Hampshire’s Education Tax Credit Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 0.9% of students funded eligible (1,674 total students funded eligible) (2.4% of all program eligible students)

50. Florida’s Empowerment Scholarship Program for Students with Unique Abilities
Education Savings Account | 0.8% of students funded eligible (26,500 total students funded eligible) (6.7% of all program eligible students)

51. Indiana’s School Scholarship Tax Credit Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 0.8% of students funded eligible (9,006 total students funded eligible) (0.8% of all program eligible students)

52. Ohio’s Jon Peterson Special Needs Scholarship Program
Voucher | 0.7% of students funded eligible (12,846 total students funded eligible) (5.0% of all program eligible students)

53. Virginia’s Educational Opportunity Scholarship Tax Credits
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 0.6% of students funded eligible (8,567 total students funded eligible) (1.4% of all program eligible students)

54. Alabama’s Education Scholarship Program
Refundable Tax Credit | 0.6% of students funded eligible (5,464 total students funded eligible) (1.2% of all program eligible students)

55. South Carolina’s Education Scholarship Trust Fund Program
Education Savings Account | 0.6% of students funded eligible (5,000 total students funded eligible) (1.4% of all program eligible students)

56. South Carolina’s Educational Credit for Exceptional Needs Children
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 0.6% of students funded eligible (5,000 total students funded eligible) (4.7% of all program eligible students)

57. Utah’s Carson Smith Special Needs Scholarship Program
Voucher | 0.6% of students funded eligible (4,328 total students funded eligible) (5.1% of all program eligible students)

58. Kansas’ Tax Credit for Low Income Students Scholarship Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 0.6% of students funded eligible (3,125 total students funded eligible) (1.9% of all program eligible students)

59. Tennessee’s Education Savings Account Pilot Program
Education Savings Account | 0.5% of students funded eligible (5,000 total students funded eligible) (0.6% of all program eligible students)

60. Rhode Island’s Tax Credits for Contributions to Scholarship Organizations
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 0.4% of students funded eligible (531 total students funded eligible) (0.9% of all program eligible students)

61. Maryland’s Broadening Options and Opportunities for Students Today (BOOST) Program
Voucher | 0.3% of students funded eligible (3,064 total students funded eligible) (1.3% of all program eligible students)

62.  Wisconsin’s Special Needs Scholarship Program
Voucher | 0.3% of students funded eligible (2,996 total students funded eligible) (2.6% of all program eligible students)

63. North Carolina’s Personal Education Savings Accounts
Education Savings Account | 0.2% of students funded eligible (4,216 total students funded eligible) (2.2% of all program eligible students)

64. Nevada’s Educational Choice Scholarship Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 0.2% of students funded eligible (1,273 total students funded eligible) (0.4% of all program eligible students)

65. Arkansas’ Philanthropic Investment in Arkansas Kids Scholarship Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 0.2% of students funded eligible (1,068 total students funded eligible) (0.4% of all program eligible students)

66. Arizona’s Lexie’s Law for Disabled and Displaced Students Tax Credit Scholarship Program
Tax-Credit Scholarship | 0.1% of students funded eligible (1,560 total students funded eligible) (1% of all program eligible students)

67. Indiana’s Education Scholarship Account Program
Education Savings Account | 0.1% of students funded eligible (861 total students funded eligible) (0.5% of all program eligible students)

68. Utah Special Needs Opportunity Scholarship
Education Savings Account | 0.1% of students funded eligible (621 total students funded eligible) (0.7% of all program eligible students)

69. Mississippi’s Equal Opportunity for Students with Special Needs Program
Education Savings Account | 0.1% of students funded eligible (383 total students funded eligible) (1.2% of all program eligible students)

70. Louisiana’s School Choice Program for Certain Students with Exceptionalities
Voucher | 0.04% of students funded eligible (331 total students funded eligible) (1.1% of all program eligible students)

71. South Carolina’s Refundable Educational Credit for Exceptional Needs Children
Refundable Tax Credit | 0.03% of students funded eligible (249 total students funded eligible) (0.2% of all program eligible students)